1. William E. Brigman, Circumcision as child abuse: The legal and constitutional issues, Journal of Family Law, Vol. 23, 1985
  2. David Richards. Male Circumcision: Medical or Ritual? 3 J Law Medicine 371 (1996).
  3. Christopher Price, Male Circumcision: an ethical and legal affront, Bulletin of Medical Ethics, No. 128, May 1997: 13-19
  4. Abbie J. Chessler, Justifying the Unjustifiable: Rite v. Wrong, 45 Buffalo L. Rev. 555 (1997)
  5. Elizabeth Zechenter, In the name of culture: Cultural relativism and the abuse of the individual. Journal of Anthropological Research 53 (3), 1997: 319-347 (Special issue on universal human rights versus cultural relativity).
  6. Jacqueline Smith, Male Circumcision and the Rights of the Child, in Mielle Bulterman, Aart Hendriks and Jacqueline Smith (eds.). To Baehr in Our Minds: Essays in Human Rights from the Heart of the Netherlands. Utrecht: Netherlands Institute of Human Rights, 1998 (SIM Special No. 21): 465-498
  7. Ross Povenmire, Do parents have the legal authority to consent to the surgical amputation of normal, healthy tissue from their infant children? The practice of circumcision in the United States, Journal of Gender, Social Policy & the Law, Vols. 8-7, 1998-1999
  8. Van Howe RS, Svoboda JS, Dwyer JG, Price CP. Circumcision: the legal issues. BJU Int 1999; 83, Suppl 1:63-73.
  9. Gregory J. Boyle, J. Steven Svoboda, Christopher P. Price, J. Neville Turner, Circumcision of healthy boys: Criminal assault? Journal of Law and Medicine, Vol. 7, 2000
  10. Arif Bhimji, Infant male circumcision: A violation of the Canadian charter of rights and freedoms, Health Care Law (Toronto) 2000, January 1:1-33
  11. J. Steven Svoboda, Robert Van Howe and James Dwyer, Informed consent for neonatal circumcision: An ethical and legal conundrum, Journal of Contemporary Health Law and Policy, Vol. 17, 2000, 61-133
  12. Margaret Somerville, Altering baby boys’ bodies: The ethics of infant male circumcision, in The Ethical Canary: Science, Society and the Human Spirit (Toronto: Viking, 2000)
  13. Christine Mason, Exorcising excision: Medico-legal issues arising from male and female genital surgery in Australia, Journal of Law and Medicine, Vol. 9, 2001
  14. Frank Bates. Males, medical mutilation and the law: some recent developments. 9 Journal of Law and Med 68 (2001).
  15. Frederick Hodges et al, Prophylactic interventions on children: Balancing human rights with public health, Journal of Medical Ethics, Vol. 28, 2002, 10-16
  16. S.K. Hellsten, Rationalising circumcision: From tradition to fashion, from public health to individual freedom – Critical notes on cultural persistence of the practice of genital mutilation, Journal of Medical Ethics, Vol. 30, 2004, 248-53
  17. Marie Fox and Michael Thomson, Short Changed? The Law and Ethics of Male Circumcision/. International Journal of Children’s Rights 2005;13:161–181
  18. Fox M, Thomson M. A covenant with the status quo? Male circumcision and the new BMA guidance to doctors. J Med Ethics 2005;31:463-9.
  19. Suzanne Bouclin, An examination of legal and ethical issues surrounding male circumcision: The Canadian context, Int J Mens Health 2005;4(3): 205-22.
  20. Kirsten Bell, Genital Cutting and Western Discourses on Sexuality. Medical Anthropology Quarterly 19(2) 2005 :125–148
  21. Wim Dekkers, Cor Hoffer and Jean-Pierre Wils, Bodily integrity and male and female circumcision, Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy (2005) 8:179–191
  22. Clark P.A., To circumcise or not to circumcise?: A Catholic ethicist argues that the practice is not in the best interest of male infants. Health Prog 2006; 87(5): 30-9;
  23. Robert Darby and J. Steven Svoboda, A rose by any other name: Rethinking the differences/similarities between male and female genital cutting, Medical Anthropology Quarterly, Vol. 21, September 2007. Full text available as PDF here.
  24. Ranipal Narulla, “Circumscribing circumcision: Traversing the moral and legal ground around a hidden human rights violation”, Australian Journal of Human Rights, Vol. 12, 2007, 89-118
  25. Geoff Hinchley, “Is infant male circumcision an abuse of the rights of the child? Yes!” British Medical Journal, Vol. 335, 8 Dec. 2007, p. 1180.
  26. Doctors Opposing Circumcision, Genital Integrity Policy Statement, June 2008
  27. Robert Van Howe and J. Steven Svoboda, Neonatal circumcision is neither medically necessary nor ethically permissible: A reply to Clark et al, Medical Science Monitor, Vol. 14, 2008
  28. Wim Dekkers, “Routine (Non-Religious) Neonatal Circumcision and Bodily Integrity: A Transatlantic Dialogue”, Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal, Vol. 19 (2), 2009, 125–146
  29. Robert Darby and J. Steven Svoboda, “A rose by any other name: Symmetry and asymmetry in male and female genital cutting”, in Chantal Zabus (ed.), Fearful Symmetries: Essays and Testimonies around Excision and Circumcision (Amsterdam and New York: Rodopi, 2009). Full text available as PDF here: RoseByAnyOther%20Name-Zabus.
  30. Robert Darby and Laurence Cox, “Objections of a sentimental character: The subjective dimension of foreskin loss”, in Chantal Zabus (ed.), Fearful Symmetries: Essays and Testimonies around Excision and Circumcision (Amsterdam and New York: Rodopi, 2009). Full text available as PDF here: ObjectionsSentimental-Zabus
  31. Howard Gilbert, Time to reconsider the lawfulness of ritual male circumcision, European Human Rights Law Review, Vol. 3, 2007, 279-294
  32. Debra DeLaet, Framing male circumcision as a human rights issue? Contributions to the debate over the universality of human rights. Journal of Human Rights 8 (4) 2009: 405-426.
  33. Marie Fox and Michael Thomson, Older minors and circumcision: Questioning the limits of religious actions, Medical Law International, Vol. 9, 2008, 283-310; also in George Denniston, Frederick Hodges and Marilyn Milos (eds), Genital Autonomy: Protecting Personal Choice (New York and Leiden: Springer 2010). Book may be purchased from Amazon. Individual chapters may be bought from the publishers, SpringerLink.
  34. John Tobin. The international obligation to abolish traditional practices harmful to children’s health: What does it mean and require of states? Human Rights Law Review 9:3 (2009): 373-396.
  35. David Shaw, Cutting through red tape: Non-therapeutic circumcision and unethical guidelines, Clinical Ethics, Vol. 4, 2009, 181-186
  36. Marie Fox and Michael Thomson, Foreskin is a feminist issue, Australian Feminist Studies, Vol. 24, 2009, 195-210
  37. Marie Fox and Michael Thomson. HIV/AIDS and circumcision: lost in translation. Journal of Medical Ethics 2010;36:798-801
  38. Brian Earp, Circumcision is immoral, should be banned, Practical Ethics, Oxford University, August 2011.
  39. David Lang, Elective child circumcision and catholic moral principles. National Catholic Bioethics Quarterly, Spring 2012.
  40. Brian Earp, Inking arms, piercing ears, and removing foreskins: The inconsistency of parental consent laws in the State of Georgia. Practical Ethics Blog, 25 January 2012.
  41. Claire Mahon and Alexandra Phelan. Infant male circumcision: Stop violating boys' human rights. The Conversation, 9 August 2012.
  42. Debra Delaet. Genital Autonomy, Children’s Rights, and Competing Rights Claims in International Human Rights Law. International Journal of Children’s Rights 20 (2012): 554-583.
  43. Brian Earp and Robert Darby. Tradition vs individual rights: The current debate on circumcision. The Conversation, 2 November 2012.
  44. Toby Lichtig, Circumcision: time to cut it out? The religious culture wars have a new battleground. Is male circumcision a harmless ethnic signifier or the infliction of genuine harm on a child? New Humanist, 29 August 2012
  45. Marjolein Van Den Brink and Jet Tigchelaar. Shaping genitals, shaping perceptions: A frame analysis of male and female circumcision. Netherlands Quarterly of Human Rights, Vol. 30 (4), 2012: 431-459.
  46. Barry Lyons, Male infant circumcision as a “HIV Vaccine”. Public Health Ethics 6 (1), April 2013: 90-103.
  47. The ethics of non-therapeutic male circumcision, Journal of Medical Ethics Vol 39, July 2013. See summary on this site.
  48. Aniaka Oluchi, In the Best Interest of the Child: Should Exception be Made for Infant Male Circumcision on Religious Grounds?  Available at Social Science Research Network
  49. Robert Darby, Medical, Ethical and Legal Aspects of Routine Circumcision: Submission to the Tasmania Law Reform Institute Inquiry into Non-Therapeutic Male Circumcision.  Available at the Social Science Research Network
  50. J. Steven Svoboda. Promoting genital autonomy by exploring commonalities between male, female, intersex, and cosmetic female genital cutting. Global Discourse: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Current Affairs and Applied Contemporary Thought. on-line first, 6 July 2013.
  51. Robert S. Van Howe. Infant male circumcision in the public square: Applying the public reason of John Rawls. Global Discourse: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Current Affairs and Applied Contemporary Thought. On-line first, 25 June 2013.
  52. Eliyahu Ungar-Sargon. On the impermissibility of infant male circumcision: A response to Mazor (2013). Journal of Medical Ethics, on-line first 6 September 2013.
  53. Michael Glass. Forced circumcision of men. Journal of Medical Ethics, on-line first, 6 September 2013.
  54. Diana Aurenque and Urban Wiesing, German law on circumcision and its debate: How an ethical And legal issue turned political. Bioethics, early view, 23 December 2013.
  55. Patrick Testa and Walter E. Block. Libertarianism and circumcision. International Journal of Health Policy and Management. On-line first, 26 May 2014.
  56. M. Cumhur. Ethical evaluation of non-therapeutic circumcision. Turkish Journal of Psychology, June 2014.
  57. Eldar Sarajlic. Can culture justify infant circumcision? Res Publica, Vol 20 (4), November 2014: 327-343. DOI 10.1007/s11158-014-9254-x.
  58. Beth Maina Ahlberg and Kezia Muthoni Njoroge. ‘Not men enough to rule!’: Politicization of ethnicities and forcible circumcision of Luo men during the post-election violence in Kenya. Ethnicity and Health, Vol 18 (5), 2013. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13557858.2013.772326.
  59. David Shaw. Circumcision in the original position: Why children would not choose it (A reply to Ahmad). Bioethics, Vol 28 (9), 2014: 501-502.
  60. Thomas Hainz. The Enhancement of Children versus Circumcision: A Case of Double Moral Standards? Bioethics, e-pub ahead of print, 17 December 2014. doi: 10.1111/bioe.12141.
  61. K.G. Behrens. Why physicians ought not to perform virginity tests. Journal of Medical Ethics. e-pub ahead of print, 20 January 2015. doi: 10.1136/medethics-2014-102344.
  62. Robert Darby. Risks, Benefits, Complications and Harms: Neglected Factors in the Current Debate on Non-Therapeutic Circumcision. Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal 25 (1), March 2015, 1-34.
  63. Brian Earp. Female genital mutilation and male circumcision: toward an autonomy-based ethical framework  Medicolegal and Bioethics 5, 12 May 2015.
  64. Robert Darby. The mysterious disappearance of the object of inquiry: Jacobs’ and Arora’s defence of circumcision. American Journal of Bioethics, Vol. 15 (5), May 2015: 70-72. Full text at Academia.edu
  65. Brian Earp. In defence of genital autonomy for children. Journal of Medical Ethics, online first, 20 January 2016. The full version of the paper, with supplementary material, may be read at Brian’s Academia Page or at ResearchGate.
  66. Robert Van Howe. The American Academy of Pediatrics and Female Genital Cutting: When National Organizations are Guided by Personal Agendas. Ethics and Medicine, Vol. 27 (3), Fall 2011.
  67. Robert Darby. Male and Female Genital Cutting: A Sex-Neutral Approach? Journal of Medical Ethics Blog, 25 February 2016.
  68. Robert Darby. Female Genital Cutting: Harm, Human Rights and the Possibility of a Sex-Neutral Approach. Quillette, 3 March 2016.
  69. J. Steven Svoboda, Peter Adler, Robert Van Howe. Circumcision is unethical and unlawful. Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 44 (2), June 2016.
  70. Robert Darby. Targeting Patients Who Cannot Object? Re-Examining the Case for Non-Therapeutic Infant Circumcision. Sage Open, 3 June 2016.
  71. Brian Earp, Between Moral Relativism and Moral Hypocrisy: Reframing the Debate on “FGM”. Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal, Vol. 26, No. 2, June 2016: 105–144. Full text here.
  72. Robert Darby, Moral Hypocrisy or Intellectual Inconsistency? A Historical Perspective on Our Habit of Placing Male and Female Genital Cutting in Separate Ethical Boxes. Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal, Vol. 26, No. 2, June 2016: 155–163. Full text here.
  73. Arianne Shahvisi. Why UK doctors should be troubled by female genital mutilation legislation. Clinical Ethics, online first, 15 December 2016.
  74. Brian Earp and Robert Darby, Circumcision, Sexual Experience, and Harm: Reply to Stephen R. Munzer’s “Secularization, Anti-Minority Sentiment, and Cultural Norms in the German Circumcision Controversy”, University of Pennsylvania Journal of International Law, April 2017. Full text with original article and other commentaries.
  75. Earp, B. D., & Steinfeld, R. (2017). Gender and genital cutting: A new paradigm. In T. G. Barbat (Ed.), Gifted Women, Fragile Men. Euromind Monographs - 2, Brussels: ALDE Group-EU Parliament.
  76. J. Steven Svoboda. Nontherapeutic Circumcision of Minors as an Ethically Problematic Form of Iatrogenic Injury. AMA Journal of Ethics 19 (8), August 2017: 815-824.
  77. Robert S Van Howe. Response to Vogelstein: How the 2012 AAP Task Force on circumcision went wrong. Bioethics, early view, 9 July 2017.
  78. Brian D. Earp, Lauren M. Sardi & William A. Jellison. False beliefs predict increased circumcision
    satisfaction in a sample of US American men. Culture, Health and Sexuality, on-line first, December 2017. Full text here.
  79. Brian Earp & Robert Darby. Circumcision, Autonomy and Public Health. Public Health Ethics. On-line first, December 2017. Full text here.
  80. Sara Johnsdotter. Girls and Boys as Victims: Asymmetries and dynamics in European
    public discourses on genital modifications in children. Paper delivered to International Seminar FGM/C: From Medicine to Critical Anthropology Rome, 24-25 November 2017. Full text here.
  81. Kai Moller. Ritual male circumcision and parental authority. Jurisprudence: An International Journal of Legal and Political Thought 8 (3) 2017: 461-479.
  82. Brian Earp & David Shaw. Cultural bias in American medicine: The case of infant male circumcision. Journal of Pediatric Ethics Vol 1, Summer 2017, 8-26. Full text here.
  83. Arianne Shahvisi & Brian Earp. The law and ethics of female genital cutting. In: S. Creighton & L.-M. Liao (Eds.) Female Genital Cosmetic Surgery: Interdisciplinary Analysis & Solution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Full text here.
  84. Brian Earp. Michigan FGM case exposes glaring inconsistencies in legal status of circumcision. The Conversation (UK), 11 January 2019.
  85. Rationalist Society of Australia. Genital Autonomy White Paper.
  86. Tim Hammond & Adrienne Carmack. Long-term adverse outcomes from neonatal circumcision reported in a survey of 1,008 men: an overview of health and human rights implications. International Journal of Human Rights. On-line first, 21 February 2017. Full text at Tim Hammond's Academia.edu page